Conflicts between countries are often triggered by a number of complex, interrelated factors. One of the main causes is disputes over natural resources. Countries that have abundant natural resources, such as oil, gas or minerals, often come into conflict with countries that lack them. An example is the conflict in the Middle East, where abundant oil reserves are a trigger for tension. Apart from that, ideological and political factors also play a big role. Countries that have different government systems, such as democracy versus authoritarianism, often conflict due to differences in values and interests. For example, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was driven by differences in capitalist and communist ideologies. Global competition in politics often gives rise to tensions that lead to armed conflict. There are also historical factors that cannot be ignored. When countries have a bitter historical background, such as colonialism or war, feelings of resentment can persist and create new conflicts. For example, the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh is deeply influenced by the region’s long, complicated history. Solutions to dealing with conflicts between countries can be carried out through several constructive approaches. First, multilateral diplomacy is very important. Through international meetings and organizations such as the United Nations, countries can dialogue to find common ground. This diplomacy also includes mediation efforts by other countries or organizations that are considered neutral. Second, increasing economic cooperation could be a potential solution. By developing trade and investment relationships, countries can create positive interdependence, reducing the possibility of conflict. Joint infrastructure projects, such as roads or railways, can strengthen relations between countries. Third, education and cultural exchange can also play an important role. Increasing understanding between nations through education and exchange can help reduce stereotypes and prejudice. These programs can create a sense of empathy and solidarity among the younger generation that can influence future policies. Finally, instead of using force, dispute resolution approaches, such as arbitration and international courts, should be applied more frequently. Bodies such as the International Court of Justice can provide fair decisions based on international law, which are acceptable to all parties involved in a conflict.